War, whether external or internal, large or small, is a costly endeavor. Loss of life, loss of close friends or family …, and the destruction of material possessions all play a part in the costs of war. The purpose of this paper is to capture …-peaceful world. But how much would individual be willing to pay to avoid just the economic costs of conflict? Remarkably, even these …

The risk of recurrent outbreaks following the main waves of a pandemic has been acknowledged. We provide evidence of … the scale and duration of this outbreak risk. We compile municipal public health records and use national data to model … eight major UK cities, we find elevated mortality risk that persists for nearly two decades. The generality of the findings …

This study examines the causal joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq on life expectancy of … Iranians for the period 1978–1988 during the revolution and war. I use a synthetic control approach to construct a synthetic … evolution of the factual Iranian life expectancy during the post-revolution period through the end of the war. I find a sizable …