Four environmental dimensions of energy security - climate change, air pollution, water availability and quality, and land-use change - and the environmental impact of 13 energy systems on each are discussed in this paper. Climate change threatens more land, people, and economies in Asia and...

By 2010, demand for oil in developing Asia substantially exceeded that of North America and Europe combined, but demand for natural gas has been expanding rapidly and countries with large coal resources have used them instead of oil wherever possible. The goal of oil security is to make domestic...

Three case studies illustrate some of the secondary consequences of the search for energy security and its relationship to regional trade and cooperation: the role of the People's Republic of China, the emerging market in biofuels in Southeast Asia, and diverse feed-in tariffs for renewable...

We examine various macroeconomic impacts of improving energy efficiency in the People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand from 2010 to 2050. Energy efficiency policies would have a positive impact on private consumption, government...

We examine the current status and future prospects of the electricity sectors and key policy issues in the People's Republic of China (PRC), India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Fuel mix and energy efficiency are key to providing stable, affordable power, while curtailing future emissions in...

Asia's burgeoning energy demand has stimulated interest in photovoltaics, wind power, and unconventional gas (shale gas, tight gas, coal-bed methane, and coal-mine methane). For each of these, the resource, current status, future prospects, environmental implications, investment and...

We calculate primary energy intensity (PEI), the carbon dioxide intensity of the primary energy mix (CIX), energy self-sufficiency (ESS), affordability of electricity (EOL), and primary energy diversification (DIV) from 2010 to 2035 for individual economies and for the Asia and Pacific region as...

We examine the evolution of infrastructure, and the impact of infrastructure investment, in middleincome countries (MICs). We document how different types of infrastructure stocks, as well as infrastructure investment, vary with the level of development and growth performance. We then use the...

We investigate the impact of electrification on the economic, educational, and environmental outcomes of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). We use household-level data and a novel identification scheme, whereby we instrument the electrification status with the proportion of...

Based on Cuesta (2000), this paper develops a stochastic frontier production model that allows for different groups of firms to have different patterns of technical efficiency over time. The authors apply the model to the Malaysian manufacturing sector to decompose total factor productivity...