Germany's bank-based financial system provides a high level of financial inclusion, measured by bank outreach and use … implementing the right to a basic bank account with an overdraft facility and protection against attachment, establishing public … credit bureaus, redirecting banking regulation toward the protection of borrowers in long-term credit relationships, and …

Geographic and Demographic Bank Outreach: Evidence from Germany's Three-Pillar Banking System This paper investigates … outreach indicators. At the federal state level, bank outreach shows South-North and West-East gaps. Combining regional and … bank data at the district level for 2005, we examine the determinants of geographic and demographic branch penetration of …

intensity of competition is, however, so high that no direct bank has reached its break-even point yet. …