One of the main challenges in low-income Asia and the Pacific countries is users' willingness to pay for water services. In contrast, investors and private operators in the water sector prefer a high rate of return. This has often led to the failure of public-private partnerships for water...

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) not only for the economy but also for human well-being. However, the investment gap in ICT infrastructure has been growing and is expected to reach more than $30 billion by 2040. We argue that one...

This paper investigates whether better access to markets through an improved road network plays a role in improving the profitability of firms in India. We construct a district-level market access index using Indian road network shapefiles, district boundaries, and nightlight raster images and...

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of information and communication technology (ICT) not only for the economy but also for human well-being. However, the investment gap in ICT infrastructure has been growing and is expected to reach more than $30 billion by 2040. We argue that one...

This paper presents a new methodology for hierarchical spatial clustering of contiguous polygons, based on a geographic coordinate system. The proposed algorithm is built upon a modification of traditional hierarchical clustering algorithm, commonly used in the multivariate analysis literature....

This paper studies a methodology for hierarchical spatial clustering of contiguous and homogeneous polygons, based on a set of binary variables. The proposed algorithm is built upon a modification of traditional agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm, commonly used in the multivariate...

The Urban Network and Territory research, developing in the Directory of Studies and Regional, Urban and Environmental Policies (Dirur) of the Ipea, comes following the activities focused on dynamic analysis, characterization and prospect about the urban agglomerations and the urban-regional...

In this text, we report the operational procedures of two trials carried out to identify Brazilian medium-sized cities, and two possibilities of refinement in identification are included in them, one of urban order and the other of rural order. With these reports, the work aims to discuss the...