Since the Tax Sharing Reform in 1994, the local government revenue of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has faced downward risk problems. This paper reviews the fiscal and taxation reforms in the central and local governments of the PRC and focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of fiscal...

Since the Tax Sharing Reform in 1994, the local government revenue of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has faced downward risk problems. This paper reviews the fiscal and taxation reforms in the central and local governments of the PRC and focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of fiscal...

This article is a contribution of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - Ipea) to the evaluation of the My House My Life Program (Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV) carried out within the scope of the Public Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Council...

Developing countries have seen a rapid rise in population urbanization in the past decades. At the same time, they have participated actively in the process of globalization. However, possible interlinks between population urbanization and trade openness in developing economies have been ignored...

The spatial organization of cities has important implications for sustainable urban development. Several studies have analyzed how urban form characteristics can have different environmental impacts by influencing more or less sustainable mobility patterns. However, most of these studies present...