This paper surveys studies of the importance of Central Asian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the economy and their experience during the Russian financial crisis. It also uses survey data from the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's Business...

This paper surveys studies of the importance of Central Asian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the economy and their experience during the Russian financial crisis. It also uses survey data from the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development's Business...

Financial inclusion and financial literacy are receiving increasing attention for their potential to contribute to economic and financial development while fostering more inclusive growth and greater income equality. In general, the progress of financial inclusion and financial development in...

The COVID-19 pandemic has badly affected economic activities. In emerging Asia, where small family businesses play central roles in their economies, previous studies found that the sector was hit particularly hard by the pandemic. However, little is known about how households have mitigated the...

Household consumption of coal and other dirty fuels for heating and cooking greatly contributes to air pollution both outdoors and indoors. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of household heating choice (dirty versus modern energy source). Energy transition in countries...