European Union (EU) countries offer a unique experience of financial regulatory and supervisory integration … markets. However, the policy framework proved inadequate in the context of the major financial crisis in the EU starting in … structural institutional change for the EU, arguably the most significant since the introduction of the euro. Even in its current …

European Union (EU) - the enforcement mechanisms used by the European Court of Justice played a significant role. But those … mechanisms are not unique. Instead, the authors argue that the EU's success was because domestic constituents were empowered to … take action against uncompetitive regulation. Thus the EU promoted economic reform in sensitive, behind-the-border areas …