Since its onset in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has globally disrupted school operations, leading to a shift to some form of homeschooling arrangements. After two years, in March 2022, the government of Malaysia officially reopened all schools, ending its homeschooling program. This relatively...

Cooling is an important area for which there is a rapidly increasing demand, but it accounts for a sizeable portion of electricity consumption and generates negative environmental externalities. Technological change directed towards environmental sustainability is essential for cooling to play a...

Our paper analyzes the causal impact of access to mass media on the adoption of clean cooking fuel in rural India. Using the 78th round of the National Sample Survey of India, we find that overall access to mass media increases the probability of using clean cooking fuel by 32 percentage points...

Governments around the world have introduced a variety of programs aimed at facilitating distance learning in the home setting during school closures due to COVID-19. However, given the cross-country variations in state capacity, these programs differ significantly in terms of design, delivery,...

Sustainable Development Goal 15 deals with "Life on Land." Its nine targets and three means of implementation cover a vast array of environmentally sensitive issues related to land-based renewable natural resources. This paper explores the channels through which trade can address them....

The cost of finance has a relatively high impact on the returns and viability of clean energy projects compared with fossil fuel-based energy projects, because the operating costs for renewable energy projects are very low. Credit risk assessment and ratings, which have usually been an...

The achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and implementation of the Paris Agreement will require significant new investment. New financial technologies ("fintech") offer the potential to unlock green finance technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things and big data,...

Under the 2016 first nationally determined commitments, the Indonesian government announced emission reduction targets of 29% and 41% by 2030 without and with international assistance, respectively. Germany, Japan, and the United States (US) are three key players among the Organisation for...

The growing population and climatic uncertainties have compelled producers to undertake faster exploitation of the resources in agricultural production to meet global food security, which, in turn, leads towards unsustainable and input-led inefficient production growth. The problem is further...

In order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Asian countries are trying to realize the potential of energy innovation. However, several structural issues might deter the expected impact of energy innovation on GHG emissions. Given the...