This paper investigates the long-term effect of child poverty on labor market outcomes using a 14-year span of data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Our instrumental variables estimation shows that a child who lived in a poor family when aged between eight and 17 years old suffers from an...

Children around the world largely rely on the formal educational system to teach them foundational mathematics and reading skills. The inability of an educational system to do so may indicate it has structural constraints. In this paper, we take advantage of three rounds of a nationally...