With the assistance of pain patients, the opioids oxycodone and hydrocodone were assessed from licit and illicit sources in Philadelphia and surrounding counties. Sources included brick-and-mortar pharmacies, web pharmacies operating illegally by selling products without prescriptions, other...

Fake and substandard medicines are a significant problem in developing nations and a growing problem in developed ones, too. This study finds that corruption is strongly correlated with poor-quality drugs.

A recent survey found that a higher percentage of sampled smokers had tried vaping in the UK, relative to the US, especially among those who claimed they had tried to quit smoking previously.

This paper analyzes whether taxes create a price wedge between legal and illicit cigarettes and thereby affect the availability and trade of illicit whites across markets.

The rules underlying the assessment of quality of generic drugs, and their bioequivalence to brand name products, have not changed significantly since the passage of the Hatch-Waxman Act in 1984. Yet the products on the market are significantly more complicated today, which may imply that two...