indicators could support both endogenous and neoclassical growth theories in the convergence debate. This paper investigates … convergence in real per capita GDP and inequality adjusted human development in 38 African countries, disaggregated into 10 … is that the income component of the human development index moves slower than others in the convergence process and thus …

creative regions. We focus first (second) on absolute (relative) convergence. In the absolute (relative) convergence case, the … convergence case, we analyze how to estimate the speed of convergence parameter (σ) and then discuss the relationship between the … variance of y_j(t) and that of y_j(0). In the relative convergence case, we study the error associated with …

-law) and religious dominations (Christianity and Islam). We examine convergence in financial intermediary dynamics of depth … size respectively. We also provide the speeds of convergence and time necessary to achieve a full (100%) convergence … diversification. The convergence patterns show positive steps towards regional integration. As a policy implication, African …

variables. The speed of convergence of the variables to their long-term mean values is relatively higher for South Africa than …