Using geo-referenced terror events and ethnicity information, this article seeks to explore if and how elections … contribute to violence in Iraq. Analyzing the December 2005 and March 2010 parliamentary elections and the January 2009 … governorate elections, I assess whether partisan and/or ethnic competition over votes increased violence in a predicatable manner …

Utilizing new data on criminal charges against candidates to India's Fourteenth and Fifteenth Lok Sabha elections, we … results show that the well-known incumbency disadvantage characterizing India legislative elections stems from the …

This paper examines the role played by sitting presidents during United States midterm congressional elections between … appearances may have positive effects on both a candidate's vote share and the level of voter turnout on election day. I conclude … from an appearance by President Obama during the 2010 midterm elections …

The paper proposes a mechanism explaining how elections may stabilize an autocratic regime even if they are evidently … unfree and unfair. Instead of being meaningless rituals, non-democratic elections can help the autocrats in managing and … communicating the public information about the regime's pop- ularity. We show how optimally rigged elections allow moderately …