Ye, Hang; Tan, Fei; Ding, Mei; Jia, Yongmin; Chen, Yefeng - In: Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 14 (2011) 4, pp. 20-20
representations of sympathy and punishment, play an essential role in stable social cooperation. …An important way to maintain human cooperation is punishing defection. However, since punishment is costly, how can it … violation of causality, since the evolution of punishment is prior to the one of cooperation behaviour in evolutionary dynamics …