innovation distinguishing between “dirty” (internal combustion engine) and “clean” (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition and innovation. It uses the radical policy … competition and patenting. It then develops an endogenousm growth model with step-by-step innovation that can deliver this … inverted-U pattern.In this model, competition has an ambiguous effect on innovation. On the one hand, it discourages laggard …

We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite …, policy changes and disaggregating by type of owner we find that the effect of institutions on innovation does not appear to …