Human language is unparalleled in both its expressive capacity and its diversity. What accounts for the enormous diversity of human languages [13]? Recent evidence suggests that the structure of languages may be shaped by the social and demographic environment in which the languages are learned...

We review the task of aligning simple models for language dynamics with relevant empirical data, motivated by the fact that this is rarely attempted in practice despite an abundance of abstract models. We propose that one way to meet this challenge is through the careful construction of null...

Swarm intelligence is widely recognized as a powerful paradigm of self-organized optimization, with numerous examples of successful applications in distributed artificial intelligence. However, the role of physical interactions in the organization of traffic flows in ants under crowded...

In many social dilemmas, individuals tend to generate a situation with low payoffs instead of a system optimum ("tragedy of the commons"). Is the routing of traffic a similar problem? In order to address this question, we present experimental results on humans playing a route choice game in a...

In recent years, we have been interested in the up-and-down prospects of academic societies, including both universities and academies. We have developed a University-Academy Coupling Model, which is built on the multi-agent simulation technique. In the artificial society, there exist both...

In the introduction a distinction is made between the macroscopic approach, which the spatially explicit method is connected with, and the microscopic approach. The spatially explicit method is considered in relation to the interactions between located variables: without and with transport of...