Detecting communities from complex networks has recently triggered great interest. Aiming at this problem, a new ant colony optimization strategy building on the Markov random walks theory, which is named as MACO, is proposed in this paper. The framework of ant colony optimization is taken as...

In this paper, we propose a multi-layer ant-based algorithm (MABA), which detects communities from networks by means of locally optimizing modularity using individual ants. The basic version of MABA, namely SABA, combines a self-avoiding label propagation technique with a simulated annealing...