age 25 for East and West German youths: non-employment (i.e., unemployment or out of the labor force), permanent fulltime …

We investigate the responsiveness of individual retirement decisions to changes in financial incentives. A reform … increased women's normal retirement age (NRA) in two steps from age 62 to age 63 first and then to age 64. At the same time … retirement at the previous NRA became possible at a benefit discount. Since the reform affected specific birth cohorts we can …

This paper studies the association between the unemployment experience of fathers and their sons. Based on German … and the Gottschalk (1996) method we investigate to what extent fathers’ unemployment is causal for offsprings’ employment … intergenerational unemployment transmission. This outcome is robust to alternative data structures and to tests at the intensive and …