Martikainen, Emmi; Schmiedel, Heiko; Takalo, Tuomas - 2013
integration, convergence in the European retail payments market is measured during the period 1995-2011 for the most used retail … estimating convergence are used: sigma convergence and beta convergence. There is some evidence of convergence for all payment … instruments has declined over time in Europe. The pace of convergence has picked up since the introduction of the single currency …
