national regional policy funds. The benchmark for the co-funding is that the EU bears 50% of total costs associated with … regional projects eligible for EU support. In some regions, however, the EU contribution has reached 85% of total costs. This … additionality degrees is largely in line with EU cohesion policy goals. Most notably, higher shares of EU funds are provided to …

We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …