The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires a good chemical and ecological status of water and groundwater resources in the EU member countries by 2015. However, for some river basins, the good status cannot be achieved by 2015, and therefore measures have to be taken to reduce the...

An interactive inexact fuzzy bounded programming (IFBP) approach is developed through introducing the concept of fuzzy bounded intervals into an interactive fuzzy compromise programming framework. It can provide decision support for decision makers with conflicting desires of greater objective...

Georgia farmers are increasing preemergence applications of soil residual herbicides to control glyphosate resistant weeds. To improve efficacy these herbicides are often activated by post-application irrigation. Broiler litter is commonly applied to fields before these herbicides. The herbicide...

Sand filters are beds of granular material placed in cylindrical metal containers. They are used as one approach for irrigation water filtration, mainly to remove organic and algae contaminants. The field effectiveness of these devices depends on their proper operation. The objectives of this...

Much of the NO3 in the riverine waters of the upper Mississippi River basin in the United States originates from agricultural land used for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Cover crops grown between maturity and planting of these crops are one approach for...

Irrigation with wastewater supports agricultural production and the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in many parts of the world. Considering the importance of better wastewater management at the local and national levels, there is a need for updated national data on wastewater...

Irrigation planning and management is essential in order to preserve agricultural production without affecting the ecosystem functioning by inducing salinity problems. The objective of the study is to assess the mass balance of the major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) SAR and ECw values during...

Numerous studies have shown that the addition of faecal matter from livestock to aquatic ecosystems can have a detrimental effect upon water quality. English Chalk streams, as groundwater-dominated rivers of high ecological importance, are particularly susceptible to nutrient loading from cattle...

The rural landscape in Western Europe, as in many regions of the world, is structured by networks of woody hedgerows that surround agricultural fields. Although many studies at local scale have shown the strong impact of hedgerows on soil water and nitrogen balances, few have quantified the...

In the Mediterranean climate of this study the growing period (and hence spraying period) for horticultural crops usually occurs from late spring to summer (i.e. October–March). However, runoff predominantly occurs in winter (late April–October) since there is insufficient rain in the spring...