The “shadow” or “internal” wage plays a crucial role, via the “internal wage effect,” in models of agricultural households with absent or constrained off-farm wage employment. To verify its empirical relevance, parameters of the production and welfare functions are estimated for...

This study distinguishes two nonseparable agricultural household models for a self-employed farm household. One assumes heterogeneity of farm and nonfarm labor and a competitive market for nonfarm labor. The other assumes homogeneity of the two types of labor and a restricted market for nonfarm...

This study distinguishes two nonseparable agricultural household models for a self-employed farm household. One assumes heterogeneity of farm and nonfarm labor and a competitive market for nonfarm labor. The other assumes homogeneity of the two types of labor and a restricted market for nonfarm...