firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent … of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent … functioning of the contemporary patent system. We find that patenting firms are being less confronted with imitation. The effect …

are important explorations made by China in recent years to promote innovations and the commercialization of patents in … universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based …

plant size. We further find lagged negative effects on the (citation-weighted) number of filed patents. …

challenger invests more into R&D in order to enter a new market than the incumbent. Thus, the patent racing model by Reinganum …

in the context of the US government’s procurement of R&D. We link tender, contract, patent, and office records to the …&D contract to generate patents. We provide suggestive evidence that backlogged contracting officers are unable to devote enough …

invention (through patents) and the clinical trials data submitted for market approval (through data exclusivity). Patent … market exclusivity on the likelihood of drug commercialization. The effect is largely driven by patent invalidations early in …

We investigate the causal effect of patent rights on cumulative innovation, using large-scale data that approximate the … patent universe in its technological and economic variety. We introduce a novel instrumental variable for patent invalidation … that exploits personnel scarcity in post-grant opposition at the European Patent Office. We find that patent invalidation …

,786 public corporations, and measures of both patent quality and patent value, we find that, while average invention value rises …