calculus is based on various types of economic parameters, which are subject to frequent changes and high risk. A risk …

, the analyzed cryptocurrencies’ returns exhibited similar patterns of uncertainty and risk. Levels of uncertainty were … close to the maximum values, but high uncertainty is not always associated with high risk. During the pandemic crisis …, uncertainty increased while risk decreased, suggesting that the considered assets may have safe haven properties. …

allows contributing to recognizing the exogenous risk factors of corporate bankruptcy during the COVID-19 pandemic in EU … countries. This study aims at revealing how to evaluate the risk of corporate bankruptcy phenomenon in the COVID-19 times. The … indicates and examines the main external factors that would increase the risk of corporate bankruptcy in EU countries: namely …

We examine several measures of uncertainty to make five points. First, equity market traders and executives at … nonfinancial firms have shared similar assessments about one-year-ahead uncertainty since the pandemic struck. Both the one …-year VIX and our survey-based measure of firm-level uncertainty at a one-year forecast horizon doubled at the onset of the …