Whether international economic integration arrangements result in a more liberal trade at the multilateral level cannot be proven with ease. Integration may start this process, but it may also reverse it. New mega-integration deals such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, Regional Comprehensive...

In this paper pattern of Pakistan's exports, comparative advantage of exports, Complementarity and commodity concentration of exports and export instability of Pakistan are analyzed. The mismatch between Pakistan's exports and world imports in also identified. Different indices have been...

The paper departs from the perception that trade in services in general and developing countries' exports in services in particular are dynamic segments of world trade. Both total trade data as well as US import trade figures do not support this perception. Success episodes such as the recent...

There are many papers written on how price and wage rigidity can cause monetary policy to generate real effects on the economy. In those that incorporate open-economy considerations, monetary changes in one country also has an impact on other economies. In this paper, an attempt is made to add...

This study extends the gravity model to include a new measure of the trading partners’ location relative to other countries. The proposed measure is close in spirit to the theory of gravity, since it is based on the concept of the world trade center. The measure is statistically significant...

This paper measures the effect of currency rate changes on the competitive - ness of India’s main export industries, Tea and Cotton Textiles. In contrast to the conventional approach that uses data from commodity markets, the present study is based on data from stock markets. The analysis is...

Current debates presume that devaluation of one country’s currency may transfer the production of imported intermediate goods to the devaluating country. This paper argues that in a global production network involving more than two countries in the production of fragments, this presumption may...

Capital goods industries, for example, nuclear reactors, steam and vapour turbines, air or gas compressors, filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus are intrinsically heterogeneous in terms of vintages and the level of technological knowledge embodied in their products. Countries decide to...

The main objectives of this paper are to present a model introducing the idea of two isolated areas that have different economic features and to analyze the effects of an expansion of an industrial zone. In this model, we assume that there are two areas: one is under full employment, the other...

This paper examines credit rationing implications for patterns of international trade in newly invented products. New product develpment is often associated with risk and its profit is uncertain. When this problem is exacerbated by asymmetric information, credit rationing becomes the optimal...