We develop a simple model of the choice between exploiting a technology in another country via export and via direct … opposite tendency. Taking population, per capita income, factor endowments, and distance into account, we find Japan to be more …

This study examines the relationship between Japan's manufactured exports to individual markets and the economic …. First, the relationships between Japanese export levels and employment in foreign affiliates of Japanese MNCs are analyzed … in the context of a typical gravity model explaining the cross-country variation of Japan's manufacturing exports. Second …

region. We find that features of a country associated with more trade with either Japan or the United States also tend to be … associated with more DFI from Japan or the United States. U.S. economic relations with Japan and Western Europe provide an … important exception. Despite U.S. concern about its trade deficit with Japan, we find Japan to be much more open to the United …