Energy-intensive sectors face significant challenges in meeting the goals of the new European Industrial Strategy and REPowerEU. This study aims to examine how energy consumption and energy mix in four energy-intensive sectors (primary metals; non-metallic minerals; pulp, paper, and printing;...

Our daily lives are unimaginable without energy. Producing it, however, may be harmful to the environment depending on the energy source. The Paris Agreement brought a key question to the fore: with or without coal? The Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA) members, including the European Union,...