Increasingly some European Union Member States are undertaking practices to revoke or refuse nationality, and thus EU citizenship. The problem is that some of these practices are unlawful, meaning that the refusal of EU citizenship might also be unlawful in turn. This article will question the...

With the referenda on possible Scottish and Catalan independence and the electoral successes of the Flemish pro-independence movement, secession of part of a EU Member State has become a real possibility that cannot be ignored any longer. The driving forces behind the referenda seek independence...

This article compares the narratives underlying the EU’s approach to governing cross-border data flows and their reflection in the EU’s trade policy with those of the US and China. Using this comparison, this article makes three points. First, it elucidates the limitations of the EU’s...

As the EU’s competences and activities in external relations expand, more and more documents held by EU institutions potentially fall within the scope of the ‘international relations’ and ‘defence and military matters’ exception contained in the EU’s Access to Documents Regulation...

The Roman law remedies for failure to disclose in sales contracts where developed by two different institutions: the aediles, with jurisdiction on market transactions effected through auctions, and the praetor, with general jurisdiction including private transactions. The aedilitian remedies —...

In this paper we examine the internal economic organization of the peculium servi communis as separate business assets granted to a slave and its (external) relationships with creditors. Literary, legal and epigraphic evidence points predominantly to businesses of small or medium size,...

This paper analyses exemptions to general law through the prism of vaccine waivers in the United States. All US states legally require the vaccination of children prior to school or daycare entry, however this obligation is accompanied with a system of medical, religious and/or philosophical...

Online commerce experienced a technological revolution, shifting towards automated, data-driven technologies for the allocation and display of offers and advertisings. The introduction of tracking and targeting technologies that leverage consumer data to personalize marketing catalysed the...

This chapter examines the ways in which the European Union (EU) has reacted to panel and Appellate Body Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The rejection of direct effect of WTO law and jurisprudence by the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) left to the EU's political organs...

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) features a clause dubbed ‘anti-China', which sets out legal consequences in case one of the parties negotiates or enters into a free trade agreement (FTA) with a ‘non-market country' (NME). A similarly-worded objective appears among the...