In order to facilitate NCAs in their application of EU competition rules, the EU legislator adopted Directive 2019/1/EU. The Directive’s aim is to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers of competition law and to ensure the proper functioning of...

Increasingly some European Union Member States are undertaking practices to revoke or refuse nationality, and thus EU citizenship. The problem is that some of these practices are unlawful, meaning that the refusal of EU citizenship might also be unlawful in turn. This article will question the...

Against the background of growing discontent over excessive leniency of US and EU competition policy, this article argues that the policy displays characteristics corresponding to those that brought about the social capture of financial policy co-responsible for the late 2000s global crisis. The...

Competition law has always formed a core pillar of the European integration process and so it was among the crucial EU requirements set for the candidate countries. Competition law had a significant influence on the way competition laws and institutions were shaped in the candidate countries. In...

This working paper provides an overview of the concept and practice of forensic economics by discussing four questions concerning the domain of this discipline. The first question asks whether forensic economics is a practical or academic enterprise, or both. The second one concerns the types of...

Lacking predictability of competition-law enforcement has its costs. This paper shows that academic analyses of what competition laws should look like do not always treat this factor adequately, paying instead excessive attention to the problem of error. Namely, some analyses completely ignore...

This paper discusses the regulation of mass metadata surveillance in Europe through the lens of the landmark judgment in which the Court of Justice of the European Union struck down the Data Retention Directive. The controversial directive obliged telecom and Internet access providers in Europe...

As a result of the global lockdown, countries around the globe are now facing multiple crises at the same time: a health crisis, a financial crisis, and a collapse in commodity prices, which all interact in complex ways. As a reaction governments and policymakers are providing unparalleled...

This contribution addresses the question of whether and under what circumstances data protection should prevail over the fight against impunity. It focuses on data cooperation between the European Union and the United States of America (US) in the context of crime prevention and law enforcement....

The system of reparations for victims at the International Criminal Court has been a heavily contested area of the Court’s mandate since the negotiation of the Rome Statute. The present chapter aims to offer a few critical reflections on the ICC’s law and practice on reparations and to...