these issues empirically, based on a harmonized survey of innovation activities of more than 1,800 firms located in Portugal …International knowledge spillovers, especially through multinational companies (MNCs), have recently been a major topic … of discussion among academics and practitioners. Most research in this field focuses on knowledge sharing activities of …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

economics. We hypothesize that the right balance between internal and external knowledge is critical for innovation. The … innovation. For product innovation we find a hump-shape. -- Knowledge Production Function ; Transaction Cost Economics ; Product … and reach beyond the boundaries of the firm. Accordingly, technology transfer from providers of knowledge intensive …

Concerns have been raised that demographic ageing may weaken the competitiveness of knowledge-based economies and … Germany using a flexible knowledge production function and accounting for potential endogeneity of the regional workforce … presence of older workers as younger and older workers turn out to be complements in the production of knowledge. With …

innovation experience, the results further highlight the important role of knowledge provided by skilled employees and unobserved …This paper investigates whether firms innovate persistently or discontinuously over time using an innovation panel data … set on German manufacturing and service firms for the period 1994-2002. We find that innovation behaviour is permanent at …