The present work investigates university-industry interactions in Brazil using CNPq's research groups as a proxy. The data were collected in CNPq's Research Groups Directory collected in Census 2002 and 2004. Although limitations intrinsic to information collected, the database supplies some...

The literature about the economics of science and technology (C&T) suggests not only that the technological innovation demands the expansion of the institutional borders between universities, research institutes, industrial firms and the financial system, but also that science leads as well as...