We study the short-term trajectories of employment, hours worked, and real wages of immigrants in Canada and the U … average immigrant men in Canada do not experience any relative growth in these three outcomes compared to men born in Canada … growth in employment and wages in the U.S. than in Canada. We further compare longitudinal and cross-sectional trajectories …

Canada saw upward mobility rates near 50% for recent cohorts, while countries like Norway and Finland saw sustained rates …