The exact moments of x'Ax/x'Bx are obtained, where x is a normally distributed vector with some mean (possibly nonzero) and positive definite covariance matrix, A is symmetric and B positive semi definite. These moments appear as simple integrals which can be evaluated numerically in a...

This paper presents two alternative formulations of the instrumental variables (IV) procedure. One of the formulations, termed the "completed model", serves to show, in a general way, that the IV estimator of a vector of regression parameter is asymptotically as efficient as the maximum...