In Barcelona, the European Union set ambitious targets for the European Research Area, calling for research expenditures equivalent to 3 % of Europe’s GDP by 2010. This paper analyses the implications of these targets, assesses the influence of the member states, and examines the role of the...

Biotechnologies are a priority area of development due to the scope of global challenges and social problems they help to resolve. There is demand for updated information about the the current state of research and challenges faced. This paper discusses the potential of patent analysis and...

In the attempt to boost its international competitiveness, the European Union realized that it should enrich the ways to achieve it by using the intangible assets that it holds. Knowledge and intellectual capital, innovation, science and entrepreneurship are key drivers of economic development...

The study of influence factors of cyclical fluctuations is of major importance for a country’s economy. In the present context, of the new economy, where the emphasis is on new technologies, and information is the main product and resource of the economy, innovation is one of the most...

The paper presents the current state of research and innovation in France, describes the approaches to S&T policy, analyses tools for support of innovation and technological development. There are continuing problems of interaction between universities and research institutions in France that...

During the Soviet period there was no need to develop special laws on science and innovation. Exceptions were taken by separate rules governing the work of scientists. Innovations were introduced into production with support from the government. Particularly effectively - in the...

Open innovation is the process of joint market promotion of new products and services and creation of new business opportunities by the knowledge exchange between partners. In recent years this innovation practice is becoming more common. The paper describes the preconditions for its emergence...

This paper sets about identifying different and complex innovation practices across nine countries by exploring data from firm level innovation surveys conducted in nine countries: Austria, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Our results...

The rapid growth of Chinese economy in the last two decades is an essential result of an effective state policy for its transformation into an open and market form. Similar changes took place in innovation system. The emphasis is placed on the cooperation of science and business, the...

The small performers, whose costs for R&D are less than 100 thousand dollars per year, consist more than half of total organisations involved in R&D in Canada. This vast segment includes companies of all sizes (both in number of employees and amount of income), and employs seven percent of all...