relationship between technology intensity and vertical integration from a simple incomplete contracts model. Then, we investigate … find that the technology intensities of downstream (producer) and upstream (supplier) industries have opposite effects on … measures of technology intensity, with alternative estimation strategies, and with or without controlling for a number of firm …

creates environmental degradation. Research can be directed to improving the technology of machines in either sector. We … dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both .carbon taxes. and research subsidies, so that excessive … the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are substitutes. Under reasonable parameter values …

investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with … innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … approaches the technology frontier, selection becomes more important. As a result, countries at early stages of development …

innovation and imitation. We develop a theoretical model showing that skilled labour has a higher growth-enhancing effect closer … to the technological frontier under the reasonable assumption that innovation is a relatively more skill intensive …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … sectors which differ by their distance to the technological frontier. We show that entry threat spurs innovation incentives in … technologically advanced sectors - successful innovation allows incumbents to prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite …, policy changes and disaggregating by type of owner we find that the effect of institutions on innovation does not appear to …