the level of its competition. The estimation of competition is based on widely used non-structural methodology of Panzar … trend for the H-statistic, thus suggesting an intensification of competition in the whole sector and among the large banks … strengthens competition and vice versa confirms the traditional view that concentration weakens competition …

enterprises using the panel firm level dataset for 1995-2004. The analysis of the competition structure of Russian industrial … is negative. Our findings show that positive effect from foreign competition appears to be restrained by barriers …