We demonstrate that the Varian (1980) model of sales has a unique Nash equilibrium when firms incur costly advertising to compete for informed consumers. The equilibrium is symmetric. In particular, with costly advertising, the asymmetric equilibria highlighted by Baye et al. (1992) do not arise.

We show that, in general, consistent estimates of cost pass-through are not obtained from reduced-form regressions of price on cost. We derive a formal approximation for the bias that arises even under standard orthogonality conditions. We provide guidance on the conditions under which bias may...

This study examines the trade flows in commodities for CARICOM countries through the utilization of the traditional gravity model for international trade. Per capita GDP differential, trade to GDP and language all impact trade positively. On the other hand, geographical distance, exchange rate...

We analyze the sourcing strategies of firms active in the Spanish manufacturing sector. We show that firms that select strategies of vertical integration and of foreign sourcing ex post tend to have been more productive, ex ante, than other firms.

Using an unbalanced panel dataset of bilateral trade flows, we study the determinants of bilateral trade of ASEAN 10 countries, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea, from 1989 to 2009. We find that bilateral trade flow is positively related to the overall bilateral...

Exports, in this study, are more productive than non-exports, but why? Using a micro-panel dataset from five African countries we show that more productive small and medium enterprises (SMEs) self-select into exporting. Ultimately we are interested in impact of exporting on productivity. Results...

The aim of this article is to investigate services sectors’ concentration based on employment data in the European Union and to disentangle the sector-specific developments and influential factors over time. We find that only the financial intermediation, retail trade and water transport...

The objectives of the paper are to study foreign direct investment dimensions of China and to study causal relationship between exports, FDI and GDP. Vector autoregression model (VAR) is adopted to estimate the long run causal relationship among exports, foreign direct investment and GDP. The...

This paper analyzes the export competitiveness of Egypt's agricultural exports (EAE) in the European Union between 1998 and 2010. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and Comparative Export Performance (CEP) index are applied. An analysis is done to the major subgroups of EAE (fruit &...

This paper estimates the tourism demand model for Turkey from 14 countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Italy, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Different approaches were used to find cointegration in the considered...