Measurement of inequity in health care delivery has focused on the extent to which health care utilisation is or is not distributed according to need, irrespective of income. Studies using cross-sectional data have proposed various ways of measuring and standardizing for need, but inevitably...

The appropriate technique for econometric analysis of WTP (willingness to pay) data is an issue which has not been addressed in many studies of WTP for health and health care. This paper argues that, whether an open-ended question or a payment scale approach is adopted, the way in which WTP is...

A framework is outlined for testing empirically whether utilization of and access to public-sector GPs in Spain in 1993 was consistent with the twin criteria of horizontal and vertical equity, where these are defined with respect to need. Vertical (horizontal) inequities in access are assessed...