Despite an increasing interest in issues surrounding environmental equity, much research evidence to date is based on studies adopting cross-sectional approaches which do not adequately capture the processes and mechanisms generating inequities. Longitudinal studies may better inform policy...

The appropriate technique for econometric analysis of WTP (willingness to pay) data is an issue which has not been addressed in many studies of WTP for health and health care. This paper argues that, whether an open-ended question or a payment scale approach is adopted, the way in which WTP is...

A framework is outlined for testing empirically whether utilization of and access to public-sector GPs in Spain in 1993 was consistent with the twin criteria of horizontal and vertical equity, where these are defined with respect to need. Vertical (horizontal) inequities in access are assessed...

Bends in roads are known to cause road-traffic crashes, but do areas with many road bends have more collisions than areas with straighter roads? A geographical information system was used to generate indicators of average road curvature from a road-network dataset of England and Wales at the...