Using household survey data from rural China, economies of scale as measured by returns to scale and the effects of land fragmentation on crop outputs are examined. While these effects are found to be detrimental, statistically significant and substantial, existing economies of scale appear to...

The disappointing economic performance of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies in the late 1980s prompted reforms in foreign trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the early 1990s. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and Pedroni panel estimation procedures that allow...