Indexes of real and nominal effective exchange rates that are published by the IMF, are mostly for industrial countries. None of the Middle Eastern countries have received any attention on this regard. This paper tries to close the gap by constructing such indexes for 11 middle eastern countries...

This study employs Johansen's cointegration technique to determine the long-run relationship between exchange value of the DM and German production. It is shown that depreciation of the DM has a long-run expansionary impact on German production. This conclusion is based on a new method of...

Previous studies that investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows, employed official exchange rate data to construct a measure of exchange rate uncertainty. In this paper we show that in countries that there is a black market for foreign exchange, the black market...

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was predicted to have a substantial impact on the US-Mexico trade, especially on specific importing and exporting industries. In this article, we use annual industry-level export and import data from 1962 to 2004 to discern both the short- and...

Previous studies that investigated the effects of exchange rate uncertainty on the trade flows of Sweden employed aggregate trade data either between Sweden and the rest of the world or at bilateral level between Sweden and her major trading partners. In this article, we disaggregate the trade...

The International Monetary Fund construct and publish real and nominal effective exchange rate data, mostly for developed countries. In this paper real and nominal effective rate data for developing countries are constructed. Application of the KPSS test to real effective rate data reveals that...

One of the macro variables that are included in most models is the exchange rate. Overall performance of a country's exchange rate is measured by changes in nominal or real effective exchange rate (REER). These rates are constructed and published mostly for industrial countries by international...