This article presents an integrated framework for testing the effects of productive efficiency, i.e. technical efficiency (TE) and scale efficiency (SE), on firm exit, facilitating the identification of the effects, causing a firm's operation at increasing or decreasing returns to scale. A panel...

Efficiency loss that is due to over- or under-capacity utilization is a significant factor influencing the exporting activity of firms. Using time series data from the Greek cement industry, it is found that efficiency loss triggers export activities up to a certain threshold where firms se to...