Improving existing drinking water supply services in developing countries depends crucially on available financial resources. Cost recovery rates of these services are typically low, while demand for more reliable services is high and rapidly growing. Most stated preference-based demand studies...

This article provides further empirical evidence of payment uncertainty in dichotomous choice (DC) Contingent Valuation (CV) and proposes an alternative way of certainty calibration, moving away from conventional recoding of uncertain responses. In an international CV application, the main...