Cargo handling activities involve various heterogeneous outputs, e.g. general cargo, containers, dry and liquid bulk and so on. These activities in ports, however, have been usually analysed using aggregate descriptions of output such as total tons moved. The main purpose of this article is to...

Most of the literature on the efficiency effects of regulatory reforms ignores the gradual nature of the implementation of these reforms. This article describes a new simple data manipulation that minimizes data requirements to measure econometrically the impact on efficiency of each stage of...