This study compares two alternative approaches-the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) and the Poisson Quasi Maximum Likelihood (PQML) procedures-to estimation of the home market effects for the heterogeneous, the reference priced and the homogeneous goods in the gravity model derived in...

The increasing integration of international financial markets means that credit defaults in one country have to be covered by creditors in other countries. If the principle of creditor liability were applied systematically, the financial losses incurred by the financial institution that provided...