The Gini index is the most common method for estimating the level of income inequality in countries. In this article, we suggest a simple modification that takes into account the moderating effect of in-kind government benefits. Unlike other studies that use micro-level data that are rarely...

This article studies the determinants of gender political quota and enforcement sanctions, two key policy instruments for increasing female participation in politics. We find a novel empirical fact: language (the pervasiveness of gender distinctions in grammar) is the most significant related...