During the 1980s, rising European unemployment without rapidly subsiding wage pressure challenged conventional labour market theories. One explanation is that a greater proportion of unemployment that is long-term unemployment (LTU) reduces downward wage pressure. Empirical evidence regarding...

Nearly one-third of US nonmetropolitan counties that began the 1990s with persistent high poverty were not high-poverty counties by the end of the decade. Aside from the poverty rate at the beginning of the decade, it is found that employment growth, along with indicators of the initial quality...