It is often necessary to use ratios rather than absolute numbers as inputs and outputs in data envelopment analysis. This may be necessary in order to reflect accurately the underlying production function, or because of the nature of the data available. This note explains why the Banker, Charnes...

The increased availability of panel data has made it possible to estimate and measure health dynamics for population subgroups who may have systematically different levels of dynamics. We use a straightforward hypothetical example to investigate the implications of different levels of health...

Many developed countries are net recipients of skilled health professionals from developing countries. Potentially these movements provide major economic benefits to developed countries. The distribution of any benefits and any associated health and social costs, however, need investigation that...