This study investigates the causal relationship between the Volatility Index (VIX), as an indicator of fear sentiment, and the price of gold futures. We apply tests of causality in-mean and in-variance to recent data about US gold futures and find bidirectional causality in-mean and in-variance...

In this study we use a sample of 334 S&P500 companies to examine the extent to which financially distressed firms pay dividends in order to attract investors. We find a higher dividend yield and a higher pay-out ratio for financially distressed firms than for financially stable firms. We also...

Employing implicit discount rates (derived from subjects' cash-flow responses) previous experimental studies find that the order of magnitude of the implicit rates is higher than actual capital-market rates, and that the impact of time (t) and (S) of the cash-flow on discount rates (R) is...