E-mail is an efficient communication tool, but at the same time it is an efficient vehicle for Internet pollution in the form of spam—unsolicited, bulk e-mailings. Spam is a global phenomenon, and debate about possible means of controlling it is lively. Spammers impose a negative externality...

The technology-based start-ups have emerged as important drivers of innovative activity across many industries. For these start-ups, the initial public offering (IPO) has been used as a measure for performance and leads to an influx of capital that enables these firms to implement their ideas....