In recreation demand studies much of the data is collected via on-site samples. Thus, no data is collected for those not visiting the recreation site. The fact that no information is available for those not visiting the recreation area complicates statistical analyses because the result is an...

A telephone presurvey is used in conjunction with mail and Internet follow-up surveys to assess self-selection and item nonresponse bias. Findings suggest that self-selection is present, but item nonresponse bias is limited. The Internet version exhibited no item nonresponse bias.